See buja on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "bujaság"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "bujálkodik"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "buján"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "1776"
},
"expansion": "First attested in 1776",
"name": "etydate"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "borrowing",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "sla"
},
"expansion": "Slavic",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*bujь",
"t": "overexcited, volatile"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *bujь (“overexcited, volatile”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰuH-",
"t": "to become, to grow"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH- (“to become, to grow”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "бујан",
"t": "exuberant, lush"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian бујан (“exuberant, lush”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "боуи",
"t": "stupid"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic боуи (bui, “stupid”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "First attested in 1776. Borrowed from a Slavic language, from Proto-Slavic *bujь (“overexcited, volatile”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH- (“to become, to grow”). Compare Serbo-Croatian бујан (“exuberant, lush”), Old Church Slavonic боуи (bui, “stupid”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bujább",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "legbujább",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "hu-infl-nom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "buja",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "buják",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "buját",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bujákat",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bujának",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bujáknak",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bujával",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bujákkal",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bujáért",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"causal-final",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bujákért",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"causal-final",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bujává",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "bujákká",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "bujáig",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "bujákig",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "bujaként",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive-formal",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bujákként",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive-formal",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive-modal",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive-modal",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bujában",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bujákban",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "buján",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"superessive"
]
},
{
"form": "bujákon",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"superessive"
]
},
{
"form": "bujánál",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bujáknál",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bujába",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bujákba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bujára",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"sublative"
]
},
{
"form": "bujákra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"sublative"
]
},
{
"form": "bujához",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bujákhoz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bujából",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bujákból",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bujáról",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"delative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bujákról",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"delative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bujától",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bujáktól",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bujáé",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bujáké",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bujáéi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bujákéi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "adjectives",
"head": "",
"nopalindromecat": ""
},
"expansion": "buja",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"comp": "bujább"
},
"expansion": "buja (comparative bujább, superlative legbujább)",
"name": "hu-adj"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"bu",
"ja"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bujá",
"2": "o"
},
"name": "hu-infl-nom"
}
],
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"sensual, lustful"
],
"id": "en-buja-hu-adj-hV-bCS2L",
"links": [
[
"sensual",
"sensual"
],
[
"lustful",
"lustful"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of a person) sensual, lustful"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a person"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 86",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hungarian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"lush, exuberant"
],
"id": "en-buja-hu-adj-GieYbw8C",
"links": [
[
"vegetation",
"vegetation"
],
[
"lush",
"lush"
],
[
"exuberant",
"exuberant"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of vegetation) lush, exuberant"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of vegetation"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈbujɒ]"
},
{
"homophone": "bulya"
},
{
"rhymes": "-jɒ"
}
],
"word": "buja"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "klw",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "buja",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Lindu",
"lang_code": "klw",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lindu entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"card"
],
"id": "en-buja-klw-noun-g2fNZv3R",
"links": [
[
"card",
"card"
]
]
}
],
"word": "buja"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "buja",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"bu‧ja"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"bu‧ja"
]
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "bujać"
}
],
"glosses": [
"third-person singular present of bujać"
],
"id": "en-buja-pl-verb-LbZUCVxa",
"links": [
[
"bujać",
"bujać#Polish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbu.ja/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uja"
}
],
"word": "buja"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "bojarda"
},
"expansion": "Clipping of bojarda",
"name": "clipping"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Clipping of bojarda.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bujas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "buja f (plural bujas)",
"name": "pt-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pt",
"name": "Sports",
"orig": "pt:Sports",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
14
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
14
]
],
"english": "Violent shoots are not allowed!",
"text": "Não vale bujas!",
"translation": "Violent shoots are not allowed!",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a violent shoot"
],
"id": "en-buja-pt-noun-c0IdbRPF",
"links": [
[
"sports",
"sports"
],
[
"shoot",
"shoot"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(informal, chiefly sports) a violent shoot"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"informal"
],
"topics": [
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbu.ʒɐ/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbu.ʒɐ/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbu.ʒa/",
"tags": [
"Southern-Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbu.ʒɐ/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
}
],
"word": "buja"
}
{
"categories": [
"Hungarian adjectives",
"Hungarian entries with incorrect language header",
"Hungarian lemmas",
"Hungarian terms borrowed from Slavic languages",
"Hungarian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Hungarian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Hungarian terms derived from Slavic languages",
"Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Hungarian terms with homophones",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Hungarian/jɒ",
"Rhymes:Hungarian/jɒ/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "bujaság"
},
{
"word": "bujálkodik"
},
{
"word": "buján"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "1776"
},
"expansion": "First attested in 1776",
"name": "etydate"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "borrowing",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "sla"
},
"expansion": "Slavic",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*bujь",
"t": "overexcited, volatile"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *bujь (“overexcited, volatile”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰuH-",
"t": "to become, to grow"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH- (“to become, to grow”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "бујан",
"t": "exuberant, lush"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian бујан (“exuberant, lush”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "боуи",
"t": "stupid"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic боуи (bui, “stupid”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "First attested in 1776. Borrowed from a Slavic language, from Proto-Slavic *bujь (“overexcited, volatile”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH- (“to become, to grow”). Compare Serbo-Croatian бујан (“exuberant, lush”), Old Church Slavonic боуи (bui, “stupid”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bujább",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "legbujább",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "hu-infl-nom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "buja",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "buják",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "buját",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bujákat",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bujának",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bujáknak",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bujával",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bujákkal",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bujáért",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"causal-final",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bujákért",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"causal-final",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bujává",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "bujákká",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "bujáig",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "bujákig",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "bujaként",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive-formal",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bujákként",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive-formal",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive-modal",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive-modal",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bujában",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bujákban",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "buján",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"superessive"
]
},
{
"form": "bujákon",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"superessive"
]
},
{
"form": "bujánál",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bujáknál",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bujába",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bujákba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bujára",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"sublative"
]
},
{
"form": "bujákra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"sublative"
]
},
{
"form": "bujához",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bujákhoz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bujából",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bujákból",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bujáról",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"delative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bujákról",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"delative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bujától",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bujáktól",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bujáé",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bujáké",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bujáéi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bujákéi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "adjectives",
"head": "",
"nopalindromecat": ""
},
"expansion": "buja",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"comp": "bujább"
},
"expansion": "buja (comparative bujább, superlative legbujább)",
"name": "hu-adj"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"bu",
"ja"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bujá",
"2": "o"
},
"name": "hu-infl-nom"
}
],
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"sensual, lustful"
],
"links": [
[
"sensual",
"sensual"
],
[
"lustful",
"lustful"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of a person) sensual, lustful"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a person"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"lush, exuberant"
],
"links": [
[
"vegetation",
"vegetation"
],
[
"lush",
"lush"
],
[
"exuberant",
"exuberant"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of vegetation) lush, exuberant"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of vegetation"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈbujɒ]"
},
{
"homophone": "bulya"
},
{
"rhymes": "-jɒ"
}
],
"word": "buja"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "klw",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "buja",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Lindu",
"lang_code": "klw",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Lindu entries with incorrect language header",
"Lindu lemmas",
"Lindu nouns",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"card"
],
"links": [
[
"card",
"card"
]
]
}
],
"word": "buja"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "buja",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"bu‧ja"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"bu‧ja"
]
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish non-lemma forms",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish verb forms",
"Rhymes:Polish/uja",
"Rhymes:Polish/uja/2 syllables"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "bujać"
}
],
"glosses": [
"third-person singular present of bujać"
],
"links": [
[
"bujać",
"bujać#Polish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbu.ja/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uja"
}
],
"word": "buja"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "bojarda"
},
"expansion": "Clipping of bojarda",
"name": "clipping"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Clipping of bojarda.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bujas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "buja f (plural bujas)",
"name": "pt-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Portuguese 2-syllable words",
"Portuguese clippings",
"Portuguese countable nouns",
"Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"Portuguese feminine nouns",
"Portuguese informal terms",
"Portuguese lemmas",
"Portuguese nouns",
"Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Portuguese terms with usage examples",
"pt:Sports"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
14
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
14
]
],
"english": "Violent shoots are not allowed!",
"text": "Não vale bujas!",
"translation": "Violent shoots are not allowed!",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a violent shoot"
],
"links": [
[
"sports",
"sports"
],
[
"shoot",
"shoot"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(informal, chiefly sports) a violent shoot"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"informal"
],
"topics": [
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbu.ʒɐ/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbu.ʒɐ/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbu.ʒa/",
"tags": [
"Southern-Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbu.ʒɐ/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
}
],
"word": "buja"
}
Download raw JSONL data for buja meaning in All languages combined (8.6kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'non-attributive possessive – singular'",
"path": [
"buja"
],
"section": "Hungarian",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "buja",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'non-attributive possessive – plural'",
"path": [
"buja"
],
"section": "Hungarian",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "buja",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-03-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-03-03 using wiktextract (05c257f and 9d9a410). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.